Legal definition
The intention to start the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah.
General Explanation:
General explanation "Ihrām" (ritual state of consecration) is the intention to start the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah. This means that certain things that were lawful for the pilgrim become unlawful for him, such as hunting, having sexual intercourse, wearing perfume, and so on.
Brief linguistic definition:
"Ihrām": Opposite "ihlāl" (making lawful). Original meaning: prevention.
Legal definition :
Practices that are prohibited for a person in the state of Ihrām for Hajj or ‘Umrah.
General Explanation:
"Mahzhūrāt al-Ihrām" (forbidden acts during Ihrām) are nine: shaving the hair, clipping the nails, wearing stitched clothes, covering one’s head (men only), using perfume, hunting or scaring animals, contracting marriage, foreplay with one’s spouse, and sexual intercourse. The same applies to the woman, except that her Ihrām is in her face, i.e. she can wear stitched clothes; however, she should not wear a Niqāb (face cover) or gloves. It is permissible for her to let her garment hang down over her face from above her head to cover herself from foreign men. If a Muhrim (one in the state of Ihrām) does any of these things, the outcome needs to be presented in some detail. For example, sexual intercourse invalidates the ‘Umrah if it occurs before its completion and invalidates the Hajj if it happens before the second Tahallul (end of Ihrām). In such a case, the pilgrim should complete the rituals and then perform the ‘Umrah or Hajj again with a new Ihrām, and he should make an expiation, which is a camel in case of Hajj and sheep in case of ‘Umrah, to be slaughtered and distributed among the poor people in Makkah. As for hunting, the penalty is to give the equivalent of the prey from livestock, to fast one day, or give charity. With regard to contracting marriage, the contract becomes invalid and no expiation is required. As for clipping the nails, cutting the hair, applying perfume, covering the head, and wearing stitched clothes, a ransom becomes due, and it is the slaughter of one sheep, or feeding six needy people, or fasting three days.
Legal definition :
Spilling the blood of an animal in a certain manner. Legal definition
General Explanation:
"Dhakāh" (slaughter) of an animal is to spill or shed its blood by killing it. Dhakāh may be done by cutting the throat and gullet, which is also called "dhabh", and it can be done by striking the area between the neck and chest, and this manner is known as "nahr". The least in "dhabh" is to cut the throat, the passage of air, and the gullet, the passage of food and drink, and the most complete form is to cut these along with the two jugular veins. "Dhabh" and "nahr" are to be done when the animal can be overcome; otherwise, it can be stabbed in any part of its body. This manner is to be used when the animal runs away or it cannot be subdued. Meanwhile, the name of Allah should be mentioned in both ways.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Dhakāh": completing, finishing. Other meanings: slaughtering, butchering.
Legal definition :
Visiting the Sacred Mosque in Makkah any day of the year to perform special rituals.
General Explanation:
"‘Umrah" (minor Hajj) is one of the greatest acts of worship and most meritorious acts of obedience that a Muslim can do to get closer to Allah Almighty. It is obligatory once in a lifetime. Rituals of ‘Umrah are: assuming Ihrām (ritual state of consecration) from the Mīqāt, then performing Tawāf (circumambulating the Ka‘bah), then making Sa‘y (walking between Safa and Marwah), then shaving or shortening the hair. There are two types of ‘Umrah:
1. ‘Umrah Mufradah, which could be performed at any time of the year.
2. ‘Umrah Tamattu‘, which could only be performed during the months of Hajj.
Brief linguistic definition :
"‘Umrah": visiting, heading to a populated place. It is derived from "‘amr", which means survival and increase, or means rise and elevation of something like the voice.
Legal definition :
Circumambulation Prayer
General Explanation:
Two "rak‘ahs" (units of prayer) prayed behind the "Maqaam Ibrahim" (the Station of Abraham) after making Tawaaf [circumabulating the Ka‘bah].
Legal definition :
The Black Stone
General Explanation:
A black stone which is found in the southern corner of the Holy Ka‘bah, on the left side of the door.
Legal definition :
Designated places for assuming ihrām
General Explanation:
The places at which those who intend to perform Hajj or Umrah enter into a state of "ihraam" (ritual state of consecration).
Brief linguistic definition :
"Mawāqīt" (sing. miqāt): the time or place designated for a certain action.
Legal definition :
Name given to the animal that one slaughters as a sacrifice to Allah.
General Explanation:
A name given to the sacrificial animals that are slaughtered on the days of Eid al-Ad'ha (10th of Dhul-Hijjah), with the intention of drawing closer to Allah, and done in a specifically-legislated way.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Ud'hiyah": a name given to the animal that one slaughters as a sacrifice to Allah. It originally refers to the animal slaughtered on the Day of Nahr (Eid al-Ad'ha, 10th of Dhul-Hijjah).
Legal definition :
Prevention from completing Hajj/‘Umrah
General Explanation:
"Ihsār": gathering, detention, prevention. Examples of "ihsār" include such cases when a person is prevented by illness or travel from doing something, and when a pilgrim is prevented by illness or some other cause from completing the rituals of Hajj.
Brief linguistic definition :
A state in which fear, sickness, or the like prevents a Muslim in the state of "ihrām" (ritual state of consecration) from proceeding with the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah initially or permanently, partially or entirely.
Legal definition :
Ending the state of Ihrām
General Explanation:
Pilgrim ending his state of "ihraam" [ritual state of consecration assumed for Hajj and ‘Umrah] by doing specific actions.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Ihlāl": It is the opposite of "ihrām" (ritual state of consecration assumed for Hajj or ‘Umrah). Original meaning: opening something.
Legal definition :
Exposing the right shoulder
Wrapping the upper garment of the Ihram attire under the right armpit and rolling the two edges over the left arm, so that the right shoulder is exposed and the left is covered. This is done by the male pilgrim in Hajj or ‘Umrah before he starts to make Tawaf around the Ka‘bah.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Idttibā‘": inserting one’s garment under one’s right arm and then throws its ends over one’s left shoulder, exposing the right shoulder.
Legal definition :
"Raml" is faster than normal walk and slower than running.
General Explanation:
Walking quickly with short footsteps and shaking the shoulders while circumambulating the Ka‘bah.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Ramal": walking rapidly while shaking the shoulders and taking short steps.
Legal definition :
Throwing a specific number of small pebbles
General Explanation:
Throwing a specific number of small pebbles inside the Jamrah basin in Mina on the Day of Sacrifice (Nahr) and the three subsequent days (Tashreeq days).
Legal definition :
Going to the grave of the Prophet.
General Explanation:
Going to the grave of the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, with the intention of greeting him.
Legal definition :
The three places in Mina where the pebbles are thrown during the days of Hajj.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Jimār" (sing. jamrah): pebble, small stone. It is used to refer to the place where stones are gathered and thrown.
Legal definition :
Then it came to be frequently used to refer to any kind of loud voice. Legal definitionGeneral explanation Tījāniyyah Brief linguistic definition
Brief linguistic definition :
"Ihlāl": talbiyah. It originally referred to raising one’s voice upon seeing the crescent.
Legal definition :
The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth day of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Legal definition :
The ten days of Dhul-Hijjah
General Explanation:
The first ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Legal definition :
The Days of Tashrīq
General Explanation:
The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth day of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Legal definition :
Walking all the way around the Ka‘bah seven times, with the intention of worship, starting from the Black Stone and finishing there.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Tawāf": going around something.
Legal definition :
Lapse of the prescribed time for an act of worship.
General Explanation:
Original meaning: the opposite of catching up with something and reaching it. Other meanings: lapsing, ending.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Fawāt": missing something by not doing it on time.
Original meaning: the opposite of catching up with something and reaching it. Other meanings: lapsing, ending.
Legal definition :
Departure
Brief linguistic definition :
"Ifādah": pouring, causing to flow, marching, spreading, multiplying.
Legal definition :
Animals which instinctively attack people and harm them.
General Explanation:
"Fawaasiq" (vicious animals) are animals that instinctively tend to harm people and attack them, such as scorpions, mice, crows, rabid dogs, kites, and so on. The Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, called these animals by this name out of despising them due to their excessive evil and their harmful nature.
Brief linguistic definition :
Fawaasiq" (sing. faasiq): sinful persons.
Original meaning of "fisq": coming out of something because of turning bad (like date coming out of skin because it has started to rot).
Legal definition :
The signs erected in certain places specified by the Shariah to mark the boundaries of the Sacred Mosque in Makkah and in Madinah.
General Explanation:
A‘lām al-Haram" (Haram signposts) are the signposts constructed at the boundaries of the Sacred Mosque in Makkah as well as in Madinah.
The first to erect them was Prophet Ibrāhim (Abraham), peace be upon him, after being told by Archangel Jibreel (Gabriel) where to place them. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, then ordered his Companions to renovate these signs that Ibrāhim had built. ‘Umar, ‘Uthmān, and then Mu‘āwiyah, may Allah be pleased with them, did the same, as well as other Caliphs who came after them.
These signs are still clear until this day - praise be to Allah - written in Arabic as well as in other languages, indicating the start and end of sacred precincts in Makkah and Madinah. Brief linguistic definition "A‘lām al-Haram"
Legal definition :
Circumambulating (making "Tawaaf") around the Ka‘bah once, starting at the Black Stone and finishing at the Black Stone; or walking once (during Hajj or ‘Umrah in a rite called "Sa‘y") from Mount Safa to Mount Marwah or vice versa.
Brief linguistic definition :
"Shawt": to run for one round until reaching a known point.
Original meaning: the distance of land covered by a running horse, such as a horse race track or the like.